Edward Teach; The Blackbeard - existiu e foi o pirata mas temido da história

Dead Mans tell no tales

Barba Negra (em inglês: Blackbeard; nascido Edward Teach, c. 1680 - Ocracoke, 22 de novembro de 1718) foi um dos mais notórios piratas, tornando-se uma figura lendária no folclore norte-americano.

Homens mortos não contam contos

História

Como muitos outros piratas, Barba Negra começou como um ativo corsário a serviço do Império Britânico durante a Guerra da Sucessão Espanhola (1701-13). O primeiro ato conhecido como pirata está datado de 1716. No ano seguinte, ele converteu um navio mercante francês capturado em um poderoso vaso de guerra de 40 canhões, onde surgiu o navio "Queen Anne's Revenge", e logo ficou notório por suas afrontas ao longo da Virgínia, Carolina do Norte e nas costas do Mar Caribenho. Ele era conhecido como valentão e, pelos padrões de hoje, ele seria tido como psicopata. Uma vez atirou no próprio imediato só para os marujos se assegurarem do que sofreriam caso o desobedecessem, e assim ele era temido por todos. Ele também andava armado com várias pistolas, facas e uma espada. Nas batalhas ele colocava freqüentemente uma pequena lanterna debaixo do chapéu ou trançaria na barba, de forma que isto pareceria que a cabeça dele estava em chamas. Apesar das regras de pirataria que era discutida freqüentemente por todos os tripulantes dos navios piratas, Barba Negra era um capitão que tinha as regras absolutamente impostas por ele. Porém, ele também era bastante próspero, pois conseguia altos butins para seus marujos; assim, a tripulação aceitava seu comportamento agressivo.
Em 1718, ele estabeleceu base em uma enseada da Carolina do Norte, cobrando pedágios e agindo com violência contra quem se recusasse a pagá-lo; assim, as mercadorias só entravam na colônia depois de pagar o pedágio. Isso resultou num acordo entre Charles Eden, governador da colônia de Carolina do Norte, e o governador da Virgínia Alexader Spotswood, a pedido dos plantadores das duas colônias. A colônia da Virgínia despachou uma força naval britânica sob o comando de Robert Maynard, que, depois de uma dura batalha, obteve sucesso, e a morte de Barba Negra foi inevitável. O corpo do pirata foi decapitado e a cabeça dele pendurada na verga do mastro principal do navio "Queen Anne's Revenge".
Apesar da exuberância que ganhou o apelido dele, o aspecto mais proeminente da lenda de Barba Negra é o grande tesouro que teria sido enterrado por ele e que nunca foi encontrado. Porém, até hoje há dúvida de que o tesouro tenha existido.
O naufragado "Queen Anne's Revenge" foi encontrado em 1996 no litoral da Flórida, a uma profundidade aproximada de 10 metros; vários outros artefatos do navio foram resgatados, recuperados e conservados.

Known to his victims as 'Blackbeard' to his fellow pirates as 'Thatch' and to the Royal Navy as Edward Teach, this pirate competes with only a handful of others for the title of the most ruthless and blood thirsty pirate in the Caribbean.

Formerly the Quarter Master for the pirate Captain Benjamin Hornigold, Thatch has only been an independent captain for about two years. During that time has earned a reputation for personal courage, daring, ruthlessness, charismatic leadership and a keen intellect as well as bouts of erratic and violent behavior.

His early history is murky. Originally from Bristol he is in his late thirties or early forties. He served as a privateer on several ships during the War of the Spanish Succession before disappearing into the Jamaican hinterlands for a year or so. He reappeared as part of Hornigolds crew and was present when Hornigold captured the slave ship La Concorde near the island of Martinique. Hornigold gave the ship to Thatch who renamed her 'Queen Annes Revenge' and promptly modified her to allow more guns.

Blackbeard, as he soon came to be known to the shipping community and the public at large, spent his time ashore in Port Royal, and later in New Providence, as the Chief Magistrate of the Privateer Republic, helping to settle disputes between the various Captains and crew members. He could be found holding court under a large wild fig tree, a barrel of wine or rum beside him. He would command passerbys to drink with him and if they refused he would sometimes shoot them.

Thatch's ruthlessness and erratic behavior is widely discussed amongst the pirates, though never in the presence of Blackbeard or any of his men, and is a matter of much rumor and speculation. One story tells that one day at sea he said to a few of his men, “come, let us make a hell of our own, and try how long we can bear it.” He took them below, closed up the hatches and set on fire several pots filled with brimstone and other acrid matter. One by one, close to suffocation, the men were forced to seek the upper deck. Blackbeard held out the longest and was quite pleased to announce that "he was better fitted to live in hell than the others."

Then there was the time while drinking with his sailing master, Israel Hands and his pilot Marshall, he drew two pistols, crossed them under the table and fired, apparently at random.  Hands was shot through the knee.  When asked why he had done this, Thatch said, “Damn you all! Unless I now and then kill one of my men, they will forget who I am”.    (Shortly after this Israel Hands left Thatch to sail with Flint.)
Blackbeard is no stranger to killing his own men.  During one cruise,  Blackbeard punished some mutinous crew members by marooning them on Dead Man’s Chest, a small remote island in the British Virgin Islands chain, without water or landing places. Each was given a cutlass and a bottle of rum and Teach’s hope was that they would kill each other, but when he returned at the end of 30 days he found that 15 had survived.
Blackbeard's practice of braiding burning slow match into his beard is considered by most a colorful method of intimidation.  Some whisper that there are more sinister reasons, though none are willing to talk about it in any detail, merely making a sign of protection from evil before taking a stout drink.

There are dark rumors about Thatch.  Rumors that he is an initiate in the secrets of Vodoun, a Bokor (Boccur) who has bound himself, and his crew, to the Baron Samedi and through this has gained powers that make your blood run cold.

Blackbeard's ship, the 'Queen Anne's Revenge' is a former slave ship, built in 1710, that has been modified to carry an extra twenty guns and now rates as  a 300-ton frigate armed with 40 guns.  It is one of the most powerful pirate ships in the Caribbean.

Blackbeard has, in addition to the Queen Anne's Revenge, three other ships, an armed schooner and two sloops, with their own Captains, that sail under Thatch's flag and follow his orders and share their plunder with him.  All told Thatch has about four hundred pirates under his command.  The principal crew members are as follows:

Crew of the Queen Anne's Revenge (40 guns  260 total crew)
Thatch, Captain Queen Annes Revenge
Garret Gibbens, boatswain,  QAR                            Thomas Miller, quartermaster, QAR                       
Philip Morton, gunner, QAR                                     Owen Roberts, carpenter, QAR
Joseph Brooks, sailing master, QAR                         James White
John Gills                                                                        Caesar, runaway slave
There are 251 other pirates in the crew of the Queen Annes Revenge
                                                                                                                                                 

                                                                                                          Blackbeard's Flag

Schooner Jezabelle (26 guns 72 total crew)
Joseph Curtice, Captain Jezabelle                          Nathaniel Jackson  boatswain Jezabelle
John Husk, gunner  Jezabelle                                John Carnes
James Blake
There are 67 other pirates in the crew of the Jezabelle

Sloop Adventure (18 guns  51 total crew)
Thomas Gates, Captain  Adventure                           Richard Stiles, boatswain  Adventure
Joseph Philips, gunner  Adventure                           John Martin
Stephen Daniel                                                   Joseph Brooks (2)
There are 45 other pirates in the crew of the Brindle

Sloop Roanoke (16 guns  45 total crew)
James Robbins, Captain  Roanoke                        Edward Salter, boatswain  Roanoke
Richard Greensail, gunner   Roanoke
There are 42 other pirates in the crew of the Roanoke
 

In total Blackbeard has 428 pirates under his command